Series
From Susana Chou, the first President of the SAR Legislative Assembly, to the current president Kou Hoi In, and a roster of long-serving legislators — this series gathers the people of Macau's Legislative Assembly, and how a city's will takes shape, is debated, and is enacted inside the chamber.
The Legislative Assembly is the central stage where Macau's public will converges and its institutions operate. Susana Chou was the first President of the Assembly after the SAR's establishment, serving three terms over ten years; she was followed by as president, and then the current president .
Susana Chou
Susana Chou was the first President of the Legislative Assembly of the Macao SAR, holding the post across three consecutive terms from 1999 to 2009. Born into a Shanghai industrialist family and resident in Macao from 1968, she won a seat in Portuguese Macao's first direct Legislative Assembly election in 1976 and served across both the Portuguese and SAR eras. One of the city's best-known women in business and among its earliest localised legislators, she later served as a Standing Committee member of the CPPCC and deputy director of the Basic Law Committee, and received the Grand Lotus Medal of Honour in 2003.
Ho Iat Seng
The 5th Chief Executive of the Macao SAR (2019-2024). From the Ho Tin Industrial family, he moved through business associations, the NPC Standing Committee, and the presidency of the Legislative Assembly before leading Macao through COVID-19, the gaming-concession reset, Hengqin integration, and post-pandemic recovery.
Kou Hoi Vai
Former President of the Legislative Assembly of Macao (2017–2025). A long-serving lawmaker with roots in education and the labour-union movement, he led legislation on welfare, labour rights, and Basic Law interpretation across two terms.
On the members' benches sit those returned through professional and business indirect election, such as Chui Sai Cheong and Chan Meng Kam, alongside long-serving directly-elected legislators Au Kam San and Ng Kuok Cheong, and the academic Agnes Lam.
This series presents, in a neutral and public-record-based way, representatives of different backgrounds and positions within the Assembly — their years of election, the offices they held, and their public roles form a thread for understanding the chamber politics of this city.
Chui Sai Cheong
Chui Sai Cheong is a member of the Legislative Assembly of the Macao SAR, holding an indirectly elected professional-constituency seat since the SAR's establishment in 1999. He served as the Assembly's First Secretary (2009–2017) and as Vice-President from 2017. An accountant by training and the elder brother of former Chief Executive Fernando Chui Sai On, he has long been active in Macao's professional and community associations and is among the longest-serving members of the SAR legislature.
Chan Meng Kam
Chan Meng Kam is a Macao businessman and former directly elected member of the Legislative Assembly, returned for three consecutive terms from 2005 to 2017. Born in Jinjiang, Fujian, he moved to Macao as a teenager and founded the Golden Dragon Group in 1990, building businesses across supermarkets, hotels and trading to become a prominent Macao entrepreneur. He contested direct elections under the United Citizens Association of Macau (ACUM), long representing the Fujianese community, and held roles including CPPCC member and various community-association posts.
Au Kam San
Au Kam San is a directly elected member of the Legislative Assembly of the Macao SAR, returned for five consecutive terms from 2001 to 2021 — one of the longest-serving pro-democracy legislators in Macao. A teacher by background and a municipal councillor before the handover, he was an early co-founder of the New Macau Association and has long focused on electoral reform, universal suffrage and civil rights, contesting elections under the banners of the New Macau Association and later the New Democratic Macau Association.
Ng Kuok Cheong
António Ng Kuok Cheong is a directly elected member of the Legislative Assembly of Macau, first elected in 1992 and returned across seven consecutive terms — spanning the Portuguese and SAR eras — until 2021, making him one of the most senior pro-democracy legislators in Macao. An economics graduate who worked in banking early in his career, he became founding chairman of the New Macau Association and long campaigned for full universal suffrage for the Legislative Assembly and the Chief Executive, while questioning public finance and government policy.
Agnes Lam
Agnes Lam Iok Fong is a Macao scholar, poet and former directly elected member of the Legislative Assembly (2017–2021). An associate professor in the Department of Communication and assistant dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences at the University of Macau, she researches the history of Macao's Chinese- and Portuguese-language press. Running under Macau Civic Power on her third attempt, she won a directly elected seat in 2017 — one of the few legislators in Macao drawn from academia — and focused in office on education, culture, media and urban development.
